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1.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 26(2): 119-125, maio-ago. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1372960

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: avaliar o nível de atividade física dos fisioterapeutas e identificar o perfil socioeconômico desses profissionais de um hospital público de grande porte em Goiânia. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e quantitativo realizado de abril a agosto de 2020. Foram incluídos fisioterapeutas de ambos os sexos, contratados há no mínimo seis meses, e que assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Excluídos da pesquisa aqueles em férias ou licença médica no período da coleta de dados. Para avaliar o nível de atividade física utilizou-se o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ), e um questionário para conhecer o perfil socioeconômico desses profissionais. As variáveis contínuas foram apresentadas como média e desvio padrão, enquanto as categóricas, em frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: Grande parte dos indivíduos é do sexo feminino (73,5%) com maior prevalência de inativos (76%), sendo que (49,9%) cumprem carga horária maior que 30 horas semanais. Do total da amostra (61,8%) tem pelo menos especialização na sua formação profissional. Conclusão: Os fisioterapeutas do serviço público apresentam o nível de atividade física reduzido, com maior proporção classificados como inativos, segundo a OMS.


Purpose: evaluate the level of physical activity of physical therapists and identify the socioeconomic profile of these professionals in a large public hospital in Goiânia. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out from April to August 2020. Physical therapists of both sexes, hired for at least six months, and who signed a free and informed consent form, were included. The research excluded those on vacation or sick leave during the data collection period. In order to assess the level of physical activity, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used, as well as a questionnaire to learn about the socioeconomic profile of these professionals. Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation, while categorical variables were in absolute and relative frequency. Results: Most of the individuals are female (73.5%) with a higher prevalence of inactive people (76%), and (49.9%) working more than 30 hours per week. From the total sample, 61.8% were at least specialists in their areas. Conclusion: Public service physical therapists have a reduced level of physical activity, with a greater proportion being classified as inactive, according to WHO.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Exercise , Physical Therapists/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Professional Training , Sedentary Behavior , Pandemics/statistics & numerical data
2.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 87(1): 3-10, feb. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388704

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar los resultados del embarazo entre mujeres con y sin COVID-19 atendidas en un hospital nacional de nivel III de Perú. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y comparativo. Participaron gestantes con RT-PCR positiva y negativa en razón 1:1, y 1:2 con gestantes del año 2019. Se recogió información materna y perinatal. Se usó la prueba exacta de Fisher con significancia de 0,05 y razones de prevalencia (RP) con intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS: Participaron 51 gestantes con RT-PCR positiva, 51 gestantes con RT-PCR negativa y 102 gestantes del año 2019. Se observó asociación entre los resultados de la RT-PCR y el parto pretérmino (p < 0,05). La RP de parto pretérmino en las gestantes con RT-PCR positiva fue de 3,14 (IC95%: 1,29-7,64) veces en comparación con las gestantes de 2019 y de 4,0 (IC95%: 1,13-14,17) veces en comparación con las gestantes con RT-PCR negativa. CONCLUSIONES: Los hallazgos sugieren que puede existir asociación entre COVID-19 y parto pretérmino. Sin embargo, se requieren estudios más amplios para analizar el papel de otros factores maternos en esta asociación.


OBJECTIVE: To compare pregnancy outcomes among women with and without COVID-19 infection attended in a national level III hospital in Peru. METHOD: Observational, retrospective and comparative study. RT-PCR positive pregnant women participated in a 1:1 ratio with negative RT-PCR, and 1:2 with pregnant women of 2019. Maternal and perinatal information was collected. Fishers exact test was used with a significance level of 0.05 and prevalence ratios (PR) with their confidence interval of 95% (CI95%). RESULTS: 51 pregnant women with positive RT-PCR, 51 with negative RT-PCR and 102 pregnant women in 2019 participated. RT-PCR test were associated to preterm delivery (p < 0.05). The PR for preterm delivery in women with positive RT-PCR compared to pregnant women in 2019 was 3.14 (CI95%: 1.29-7.64); and compared to women with negative RT-PCR was 4.0 (CI95%: 1.13-14.17). CONCLUSIONS: The studys findings suggest the existence of an association between maternal COVID-19 and preterm birth. However, more studies are required to analyze the role of maternal factors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Peru/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Morbidity , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pandemics , COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/diagnosis , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data
3.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 86(6): 521-528, dic. 2021. tab, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388693

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Ley 21.030 permite la objeción de conciencia al personal de salud al interior del pabellón y a las instituciones privadas. Ha sido considerada conflicto de intereses no monetario, al anteponer los valores personales, afectando el cumplimiento del deber profesional. OBJETIVOS: Establecer la prevalencia de funcionarios/as objetores/as en los hospitales de la red pública del país y caracterizarles según edad, género y nacionalidad. MÉTODO: Estudio cuantitativo, analítico y transversal. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Para medir la asociación entre variables sociodemográficas, profesión y causal objetada, se utilizaron las pruebas de χ2, exacta de Fisher y de Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: En 57 hospitales, se observa una mayor frecuencia de objetores en causal 3. En 443 objetores, la mediana de edad fue de 43 años, el 64,8% mujeres y el 87,4% de nacionalidad chilena. En las zonas centro y sur del país se concentra la mayor proporción de hospitales con más del 50% de objetores. CONCLUSIONES: La dificultad para obtener información impide conocer cabalmente la magnitud de la objeción de conciencia. Resulta preocupante la alta prevalencia de objetores, específicamente en la causal violación. La objeción no puede operar como barrera que vulnere los derechos y la dignidad de las mujeres.


INTRODUCTION: Law 21.030 incorporates conscientious objection for health personnel inside the surgical ward and allows its invocation by private institutions. It has been considered a conflict of interest, not monetary, by putting personal values first, affecting the fulfillment of professional duty. OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of objectors in the countrys public network hospitals and characterize them according to age, gender, and nationality. METHOD: Quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional study. Central and dispersion trend measures were used. For measuring the association between sociodemographic variables, profession and causal objected, test χ2, Fisher exact and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. RESULTS: In 57 hospitals, a higher frequency of objectors were observed in the third causal. In 443 objectors, the median age was 43 years, 64.8% are women, and 87.4% are Chilean. The central and southern areas of the country have the highest proportion of hospitals, with more than 50% objectors. CONCLUSIONS: The difficulty for obtaining the information prevents fully knowing the magnitude of conscientious objection in Chile. The high prevalence of objectors, specifically in the causal violation is worrying. The conscientious objection cannot operate as a barrier that violates the rights and dignity of women.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Health Personnel/psychology , Abortion, Induced/legislation & jurisprudence , Abortion, Induced/psychology , Conscience , Attitude of Health Personnel , Chile , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Refusal to Treat , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Reproductive Rights , Abortion , Age and Sex Distribution , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data
4.
Rev. méd. Maule ; 36(2): 42-48, dic. 2021. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1378497

ABSTRACT

Infection by SARS-COV-2, was first described in November 2019 in Wuhan, China. First chilean cases where reported in March 2020.Our objective was to identify epidemiological changes in the pediatric population in the emergency service of the Hospital Regional de Talca (HRT). We carried out an observational and retrospective study. The reason and number of consultations in pediatric patients in the emergency room was analyzed during the periods defined as "Pre-pandemic" and "Pandemic". The target population was all consulting patients between 0-15 years of age. We separated the cases according to the reason of consultation. We obtained the data from the HRT statistics department. The number of consultations decreased by 67.6% per month, while the number of patients who consulted in pediatric emergencies for respiratory symptoms decreased by 75.4% per month. Within the pandemic period, 15,101 COVID PCR samples were performed in pediatric patients, with 13.7% positivity. This allows us to see the epidemiological impact that this new disease has had on pediatric patients in the Maule región


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Pediatrics , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiological Monitoring , COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing
5.
Actual. SIDA. infectol ; 29(106): 64-71, jul 2021. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1348867

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Se estima que en Argentina son 129 mil las personas que poseen el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, aunque un 20% de ellas lo desconoce. El 20% de 5800 nuevos casos por año en el país corresponden a CABA. No hay datos sobre la situación de pacientes que se atienden en hospitales públicos de CABA con respecto a objetivos de la OMS. Objetivo: Analizar esquemas antirretrovirales y situación virológica e inmunológica de las personas con VIH (PcVIH) en TAR que se asisten hospitales públicos de CABA. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, bajo muestreo por conveniencia. Análisis de datos obtenidos del Sistema de Administración de Pacientes VIH (SVIH), activos a junio de 2018. Es dable aclarar que la primera parte se refiere a la fuente de información, y que sean activos a junio de 2018 se refiere a criterio de inclusión y periodo de análisis respectivamente. Variables analizadas: sexo, edad, distribución de TAR, CV y CD4 utilizando el programa SPSS 20. Resultados: 6878 PcVIH en TAR, 66,6% hombres. 79% con al menos 1 CV. De ellas, con CV indetectables (<40 copias) 62% (78% del total de PcVIH con CV). Datos de CD4 en 56% PcVIH: 65% con >500. En primera línea de TAR 88,3%: 42% IP potenciados, 45% INNTI, 13% INSTI. De CV indetectables (<40 copias), 92% en primera línea de TAR (significativo) y de las detectables, 80%. INNTI como tercera droga, significativo para CV indetectable (<40 copias). 45% de PcVIH en TAR sin CV y/o CD4. Discusión: La muestra representa la mitad de las PcV1 de CABA atendidas en el sistema público. Más de la mitad de la población estudiada se encuentra indetectable (<40 copias). INNTI siguen siendo las terceras drogas más utilizadas. Alto % de PcVIH en TAR sin CV y/o CD4. Insuficientes laboratorios (CV y CD4), baja disponibilidad de datos y lejanía del objetivo de OMS indican deficiencias del sistema de salud. Mejoras en acceso a TAR, a determinaciones de laboratorio, y en la calidad de los datos son necesarios.


Introduction: HIV infection is significant in Buenos Aires City. 20% of 5800 new cases/year in the country are from this region. There ́s no data about PLwHIV treated in public hospitals of Buenos Aires City about WHO objectivesObjetives: To know and analyze the situation PLwHIV treated in p ublic hospitals of Buenos Aires City about treatment, and virological and immunological responses.Methods: Descriptive and retrospective study. Data obtained from the Administration System of HIV Patients actives in June 2018. Variables analyzed: gender, age, ART distribution, VL and CD4 counts, with SPSS 20 ProgramResults: 6878 PLwHIV on ART, 66,6% male. 79% with at least 1 VL. Of them, 62% with undetectable VL (78% of all PLwHIV with VL). CD4 data in 56% PLwHIV: 65% >500: In 1st line of TAR 88,3%: 42% boosted IPs, 45% NNRTIs, 13% INIs. Of PLwHIV with undetectable VL, 92% in 1st line of ART (significant). NNRTIs significant for undetectable VL.Discussion:Our cohort represents 50% de los PLwHIV of Buenos Aires City. 62% currently with undetectable VL. NNRTIs still the more used 3rd antiretroviral. High % of PLwHIV on ART without VL and/or CD4 count. Not enough laboratory determinations (VLs and CD4 counts), low data ava ilability and remoteness of WHO ́s goals for 2020, show health system ́s weakness. Improvements in Access to ART and laboratory determinations and in the data availability andquality are necessary.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patients , CD4 Antigens , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , HIV/immunology , Viral Load , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data
6.
An. Facultad Med. (Univ. Repúb. Urug., En línea) ; 8(1): e202, jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1248716

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un analisis de la tasa de cesáreas en dos maternidades públicas de referencia de Uruguay (Hospital de Clínicas y Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell) utilizando la clasificación de Robson para compararlas entre sí, mediante un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal en un periodo de 10 años y 10 meses (2009-2019). Se analizaron 85.526 nacimientos (7.685 (8,9%) en el Clínicas vs 77.841 (91.1%) Pereira Rossell). El porcentaje de cesáreas por año en el Clínicas fue 49,2% ± 5 vs 29,3% ± 3 en Pereira Rossell. Los grupos de Robson más prevalentes fueron 1, 5A y 10 en el Clínicas vs 3, 1 y 5A en Pereira Rossell. En ambos centros los grupos con mayor contribución relativa a la tasa global de cesáreas fueron: 5A, 10 y 1. Ambos centros presentan un aumento en la tasa de cesárea en la última década, pese a que se asisten poblaciones dispares entre cada uno de ellos. Se debe seguir buscando estrategias que ayuden a reducir la tasa de cesáreas principalmente en pacientes sin cesáreas anteriores o con una única cesárea previa, en caso de no presentan contraindicaciones para el parto vaginal.


An analysis of the caesarean section rate was carried out in two reference public maternity wards in Uruguay (Hospital de Clínicas and Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell) using Robson's classification to compare them with each other, through an observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study in a period 10 years and 10 months (2009-2019). 85,526 births were analyzed (7,685 (8.9%) in the Clinics vs 77,841 (91.1%) Pereira Rossell). The percentage of caesarean sections per year in the Clinics was 49.2% ± 5 vs 29.3% ± 3 in Pereira Rossell. The most prevalent Robson groups were 1, 5A and 10 in the Clinicas vs 3, 1 and 5A in Pereira Rossell. In both centers, the groups with the highest relative contribution to the overall rate of cesarean sections were: 5A, 10 and 1. Both centers show an increase in the rate of cesarean section in the last decade, despite the fact that different populations are attended between each of them. Strategies should continue to be sought to help reduce the rate of cesarean sections, mainly in patients without previous cesarean sections or with a single previous cesarean section, if they do not present contraindications for vaginal delivery.


Foi realizada análise da taxa de cesárea em duas maternidades públicas de referência do Uruguai (Hospital de Clínicas e Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell), utilizando a classificação de Robson para compará-las, por meio de estudo observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo e transversal. em um período de 10 anos e 10 meses (2009-2019). Foram analisados 85.526 partos (7.685 (8,9%) nas Clínicas vs 77.841 (91,1%) Pereira Rossell). A porcentagem de cesarianas por ano nas Clínicas foi de 49,2% ± 5 vs 29,3% ± 3 em Pereira Rossell. Os grupos de Robson mais prevalentes foram 1, 5A e 10 nas Clínicas vs 3, 1 e 5A em Pereira Rossell. Em ambos os centros, os grupos com maior contribuição relativa para a taxa global de cesárea foram: 5A, 10 e 1. Ambos os centros apresentam aumento da taxa de cesárea na última década, apesar de diferentes populações serem atendidas entre cada um deles. Estratégias devem continuar a ser buscadas para ajudar a reduzir a taxa de cesárea, principalmente em pacientes sem cesárea anterior ou com cesárea única, se não apresentarem contra-indicações para parto normal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Maternity/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Uruguay/epidemiology , Cesarean Section/trends , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data
7.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 86(2): 152-162, abr. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388646

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La red de atención de urgencia es fundamental en la salud de cualquier país. En Chile, los servicios de urgencia periódicamente están saturados por usuarios con patologías de carácter leve; lo mismo ocurre en las atenciones de urgencias gineco-obstétricas (UGO) en los centros de mediana y alta complejidad. OBJETIVO: Describir la categorización de las consultas de urgencias gineco-obstétricas en un hospital público de Chile, atendidas durante el año 2018. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo y transversal que abarcó 3.077 consultas obtenidas de datos estadísticos anonimizados. RESULTADOS: De las UGO, el 58,3% fueron consultas obstétricas, el 36,9% ginecológicas y 4.8% neonatológicas; el 96% fueron consultantes mujeres; el 80,3% eran adultos y el 11,6% adolescentes; el 92,5% eran usuarios pertenecientes a la comuna de Penco; el mes más consultado fue mayo con 292 atenciones y el 71,5% de las consultas fueron atendidas en horario diurno. Los principales motivos de consulta obstétrica y ginecológica fueron el dolor y el sangramiento genital; en las urgencias neonatológicas, la ictericia fue el principal motivo de consulta. El diagnóstico más frecuente en las consultas obstétricas según clasificación CIE _10 fue la supervisión de embarazo normal, en las ginecológicas fue el dolor abdomino-pélvico y en las consultas neonatológicas, la ictericia; del total de consultas UGO un 91,1% fueron resueltas a nivel local. El 0,1% de las UGO fueron categorizadas como c1 y el 0,3% como c2, siendo la gran mayoría, consultas de baja complejidad. CONCLUSIONES: Existe un gran porcentaje de consultas de baja complejidad que sobrecargan el servicio de urgencia, afectando la calidad de la atención del hospital.


INTRODUCTION: the urgent care network is fundamental in the health of any country. In Chile, the emergency services are periodically saturated with users with mild pathologies; the same occurs in gynecological-obstetric emergency care (UGO) in more complex centers. OBJECTIVE: to describe the categorization of gynecological-obstetric emergency consultations in a public hospital in Chile, attended in 2018. METHODOLOGY: descriptive and cross-sectional study; covered 3,077 queries of anonymized statistical data. RESULTS: of the UGO, 58.3% were obstetric consultations, 36.9% gynecological and 4.8% neonatological; 96% were women; 80.3% were adults and 11.6% adolescents; 92.5% were from Penco; the month most consulted was may with 292 visits and 71.5% of the consultations were during daytime hours. The main reasons for obstetric and gynecological consultation were pain and genital bleeding; in neonatal emergencies, jaundice was the main reason for consultation. The most repeated diagnosis in obstetric consultations was the supervision of normal pregnancy; in gynecological cases, it was abdominal-pelvic pain and in neonatological consultations, jaundice; there was 91.1% local resolution. 0.1% of the UGO were categorized as c1 and 0.3% as c2, the vast majority being low complexity queries. CONCLUSIONS: there is a large percentage of low complexity consultations that overload the emergency service, affecting the quality of hospital care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Triage/statistics & numerical data , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Pregnancy Complications , Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital/organization & administration , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Triage/methods , Emergencies , Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Hospital Care , Genital Diseases, Female , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data
8.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1379923

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Describir clínica y diagnóstico de 152 pacientes pediátricos asistentes al policlínico del Programa de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (ENM) en un centro terciario de la Región Metropolitana, Chile. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión de fichas programa EMN (2012-2016). RESULTADOS: 49% niñas, mediana de edad: 9 años (rango, 0­18), consultan por alteraciones de la marcha, debilidad e hipotonía. Segmentos más afectados son músculo y nervio periférico (92%). Diagnósticos más frecuentes son neuropatías adquiridas (26,1%), distrofias musculares (14,8%) y trastornos miotónicos (12,7%). Comorbilidades más frecuentes son patología traumatológica (23,2%) y discapacidad intelectual (13,4%). Los pacientes con patología hereditaria tienen mayor chance de requerir ventilación mecánica (OR 15,4; IC 95% 1,9­119,2) y presentar morbilidad traumatológica (OR 4,1; IC 1,03­16,4) que los con patología adquiridas. Confirmación genético-molecular en 38,4% de los pacientes con patología hereditaria. CONCLUSIONES: El conocimiento de características clínicas y posibilidades de estudio de las ENM puede mejorar las estrategias de atención.


INTRODUCTION: Neuromuscular diseases (NMS) represent a heterogeneous group of acquired and hereditary pathologies that affect the motor unit. There are few descriptive studies of patients with NMS in Chile and Latin America. OBJECTIVES: To clinically and epidemiologically characterize the pediatric population attending a polyclinic run using the NMS program of a hospital in the Metropolitan Region in Chile. Methodology: A review was made of database and clinical records of patients diagnosed with NMS between January 2012 and December 2016. RESULTS: A total of 142 patients, 51% of whom were male, with a median age 9 years (0-18 years), were included. The most frequent reasons for consultation were altered gait, decreased strength, and hypotonia. The most frequently affected segments were muscles and peripheral nerves (92% of the sample). The most frequent diagnoses were acquired neuropathies (26.1%), muscular dystrophies (14.8%), and myotonic disorders (12.7%). The most frequent comorbidities were traumatological pathologies (23.2%) and intellectual disabilities (13.4%). When comparing NMS with hereditary vs. acquired etiologies, those with hereditary etiologies had a higher risk of requiring mechanical ventilation (OR 15.4 [95%CI 1.9-119.2]) and having a traumatological disease (OR 4.1 [CI 1.03-16.4]) compared to those with acquired etiologies. For 38.4% of patients with hereditary etiologies, confirmation was obtained through molecular genetic testing. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides information on the frequency of NMS and their main comorbidities in a Chilean pediatric sample. These results provide information regarding current possibilities for studies and could aid in planning care for these patients in our country. Keywords: Neuromuscular disease, Muscular disease, Neuropathies, Neurological Diagnostic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Neuromuscular Diseases/diagnosis , Neuromuscular Diseases/epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Chile , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Intellectual Disability/epidemiology
9.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 86(1): 42-51, feb. 2021. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388629

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar la presencia de infección de sitio quirúrgico y factores de riesgo en pacientes sometidas a cirugías Gineco-Obstétricas de forma programada o de urgencia en un hospital de II nivel de atención en Honduras. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo; recopilando 226 fichas del registro de infección de sitio quirúrgico recuperadas de los expedientes clínicos brindados por el servicio de estadística del Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas. Captando pacientes sometidas a cirugías Gineco-Obstétricas, durante el 2017 y 2018. RESULTADOS: 99 fichas cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, reportando una edad de 24 años [RIQ, 19,0 - 30,0], peso 82,0 kg [RIQ, 51,7 - 98,25], talla 154 cm [150,0 - 158,0] y el IMC de 25,8 ± 3,6 kg/m2. Un 9,1% presento antecedentes de inmunosupresión. 5,1% presento ISQ. El 55.6% de las cirugías se realizó el mismo día de ingreso del paciente. El tiempo entre la profilaxis antibiótica y el comienzo de la intervención quirúrgica es de 60 minutos [RIQ, 40,0 - 160,0]. La duración de los procedimientos quirúrgicos son de 45 minutos [RIQ, 35,0 - 55,0]. Los microrganismos aislados en los cultivos fueron Cocos gram positivos (2/5), Enterococcus faecalis (1/5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2/5). CONCLUSIÓN: La presencia de ISQ en cirugías Gineco-Obstétricas del HMCR es del 5.1%, identificando los siguientes factores de riesgo: edad extrema, obesidad, diabetes mellitus, estado inmunitario (VIH), profilaxis antibiótica (temprana); por último, la técnica y el tiempo quirúrgico.


OBJECTIVE: To identify the presence of surgical site infection and risk factors in patients undergoing Gynecological-Obstetric surgeries on a scheduled or emergency basis in a 2nd level of care hospital in Honduras. METHODOLOGY: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study, compiling 226 data sheets of the surgical site infection record recovered from the clinical records provided by the statistics service of the "Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas". Recruiting patients undergoing Gynecological-Obstetric surgeries, during 2017 and 2018. RESULTS: 99 tabs met the inclusion criteria, reporting an age of 24 [RIQ, 19.0 - 30.0], weight 82.0 kg [RIQ, 51.7 - 98.25], size 154 cm [150.0 - 158.0] and BMI of 25.8 ± 3.6 kg/m2. 9.1% have a history of immunosuppression. 5.1% present ISQ. 55.6% of surgeries were performed on the same day as the patient's admission. The time between antibiotic prophylaxis and the onset of surgery 60 minutes [RIQ, 40.0 - 160.0]. Duration of surgical procedures 45 minutes [RIQ, 35.0 - 55.0]. Isolated micro-morphisms in crops were Cocos gram positives (2/5), Enterococcus faecalis (1/5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2/5). CONCLUSION: The presence of ISQ in HMCR Gynecological-Obstetric surgeries is 5.1%, identifying the following risk factors: extreme age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, immune status (HIV), early antibiotic prophylaxis; finally, technique and surgical time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Obstetric Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Gram-Positive Cocci/isolation & purification , Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification , Surgical Wound/microbiology , Abdomen/surgery , Honduras , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Laparotomy/adverse effects
10.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 57: e19164, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350233

ABSTRACT

In Nigeria, drug financing by the public has been challenged by financial constraints through public fund due to a limited fund available to the government to meet all its demands. The objectives of this study were to determine the variability of the hospital patient prices of same drugs under the PublicPrivate Partnership (PPP) and in Private Retail Community Pharmacy (PRCP), and to investigate the perceived efficiency and effectiveness of the PPP by comparing it with the Drug Revolving Fund (DRF) model in drug supply financing. This study was conducted in Nigeria utilizing a mixed method. Mann-Whitney U test analysis was used to compare the median drug price of the two facilities. The majority (76.19%) of the drugs were sold at a cheaper rate in the hospital than what was obtained in the PRCP with no significance difference (p > 0.05). Dominant responses from the focused group discussions supported the PPP model. This study shows that the median patient price of the basket of matched pairs of same drugs in the hospital under the PPP and in the PRCP was identical. Overall, the participants were of the opinion that the PPP model was more efficient and effective than DRFin the financing drug supply


Subject(s)
Pharmacists/ethics , Drug Price , Public-Private Sector Partnerships , Financing, Government/organization & administration , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Patients , Pharmacies/organization & administration , Statistics, Nonparametric , Supply , Financial Management/classification , Government , Nigeria/ethnology
11.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(3): 203-210, jun. 2020. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125071

ABSTRACT

Social vulnerability has proved to be an independent risk factor for hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes. In some countries, patients who are in a vulnerable situation are assisted in the public health system which provides free medical care. This study compares the prevalence of hypoglycemia among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), in public versus private sector and its relationship with social vulnerability. This multicentric descriptive study included 600 patients with T2D from public and private care institutions of Argentina. Socioeconomic level (SEL) was evaluated through the Marketing Argentinean Association survey. Number of severe, documented symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemias were registered. Among the patients included, 66% were assisted in the public sector. The 41% of patients (n = 246) registered at least 1 episode of any hypoglycemia event being more prevalent in the public sector compared to the private sector (50% vs. 22%). In the adjusted analysis it was observed a greater risk of hypoglycemia in public sector (OR 4, 95% CI 2.65-6.04) and in patients that did not have diabetological education (OR 2.28 95% CI 1.35-3.84). Similarly, unemployment (OR 5.04 95% CI 2.69-9.46), and marginal SEL (OR 60.79 95% CI 14.89-248.13) increased the risk of hypoglycemia. Several factors related to social vulnerability as unemployment, marginal SEL and poor sanitary education showed a significant increase in the hypoglycemia risk. Professionals working with people with diabetes must take into account these factors for a safe treatment of the disease.


La vulnerabilidad social ha demostrado ser un factor de riesgo independiente de hipoglucemia en pacientes con diabetes. Los pacientes que se encuentran en situación de vulnerabilidad social reciben asistencia en el sistema de salud pública que brinda atención médica gratuita. Este estudio compara la prevalencia de hipoglucemia en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 en el sector público frente al privado y su relación con la vulnerabilidad social. Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico descriptivo que incluyó 600 pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 de instituciones de atención pública y privada de Córdoba. El nivel socioeconómico se evaluó a través de la encuesta de la Asociación Argentina de Marketing que evalúa la dimensión social, educativa y económica para estratificar el nivel socioeconómico. Se registró el número de hipoglucemias graves, documentadas sintomáticas y asintomáticas. El 66% de los pacientes pertenecían al sector público. El 41% de los pacientes (n = 246) registró al menos 1 episodio de cualquier evento de hipoglucemia. En el análisis ajustado, se observó un mayor riesgo de hipoglucemia en el sector público (OR 4, 95% CI 2.65-6.04), en pacientes que no tenían educación diabetológica previa (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.35-3.84), en desempleados (OR 5.04, 95% CI 2.69-9.46) y en aquellos con nivel socioeconómico marginal (OR 60.79 95% CI 14.89-248.13). Factores relacionados con la vulnerabilidad social como el desempleo, el nivel socioeconómico marginal y educación sanitaria deficiente mostraron un aumento en el riesgo de hipoglucemia. Los profesionales que trabajan con personas con diabetes deben tener en cuenta estos factores para un tratamiento seguro de la enfermedad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Hospitals, Private/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Hypoglycemia/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Logistic Models , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Public Sector , Private Sector , Vulnerable Populations/statistics & numerical data , Diabetes Complications/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Social Determinants of Health , Hypoglycemia/physiopathology
12.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 42(1): 86-91, Jan.-Mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1099407

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives To investigate the 5-year prevalence of patients admitted to public inpatient care units due to a mental disorder, stratifying them by age group and diagnosis, and to assess trends of admissions over this time period in Porto Alegre. Methods All admissions to the public mental health care system regulated by the city-owned electronic system Administração Geral dos Hospitais (AGHOS) were included in the analysis. The total population size was obtained by estimations of Fundação de Economia e Estatística (FEE). General information about 5-year prevalence of inpatient admissions, time-series trends e prevalence by age groups and diagnosis were presented. Results There were 32,608 admissions over the 5-year period analyzed. The overall prevalence of patients was 1.62% among the total population, 0.01% among children, 1.12% among adolescents, 2.28% among adults and 0.93% among the elderly. The most common diagnosis was drug-related, followed by mood, alcohol-related and psychotic disorders. There was a linear trend showing an increase in the number of admissions from 2013 to the midst of 2014, which dropped in 2015. Conclusions Admissions due to mental disorders are relatively common, mainly among adults and related to drug use and mood disorders. Time trends varied slightly over the 5 years. Prevalence rates in real-world settings might be useful for policymakers interested in planning the public mental health system in large Brazilian cities.


Resumo Objetivos Investigar a prevalência de 5 anos de pacientes internados no sistema público de saúde por motivo de saúde mental, estratificando-os por grupo etário e diagnóstico, e avaliar tendências temporais nas admissões nesse período em Porto Alegre. Métodos Todas as admissões no sistema público de saúde mental reguladas pelo sistema eletrônico da cidade, denominado Administração Geral dos Hospitais (AGHOS), foram incluídos na análise. A população total foi obtida a partir de estimativas da Fundação de Economia e Estatística (FEE). Informações gerais sobre a prevalência de 5 anos de admissões, tendências das séries temporais e prevalência por grupo etário e por diagnóstico foram apresentadas. Resultados Ocorreram 32.608 admissões no período de 5 anos analisado. A prevalência global de pacientes foi de 1,62% na população total, 0,01% em crianças, 1,12% em adolescentes, 2,28% em adultos e 0,93% em idosos. Os diagnósticos mais comuns foram relacionados ao uso de drogas, seguidos de transtornos de humor, relacionados ao álcool e transtornos psicóticos. Houve uma tendência linear mostrando um aumento no número de admissões de 2013 a meados de 2014, que caíram em 2015. Conclusões Admissões por transtornos mentais são relativamente comuns, principalmente entre adultos e relacionados ao uso de drogas e transtornos de humor. Tendências lineares variaram levemente nos últimos 5 anos. Estimativas de prevalência no mundo real podem ser úteis para formuladores de políticas interessados em planejar o sistema público de saúde mental em grandes cidades brasileiras.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Mood Disorders/therapy , Mood Disorders/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/therapy
13.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(1): 1-9, feb. 2020. ilus, graf, map, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125031

ABSTRACT

El Código Penal Argentino en su artículo 86 especifica las causales para las interrupciones legales del embarazo. En el Área Programática del Hospital Piñero de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires se estableció un protocolo para realizarlas. Desde la implementación no se ha evaluado. El objetivo fue describir las características de dichas intervenciones en 2017. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, como fuente de información se utilizó una planilla completada por los equipos luego de atender a las mujeres. Hubo 503 casos, la edad gestacional promedio de la primera consulta fue de 8.5 semanas. El 93.8% se resolvió en el primer nivel, el 94.5% de ellas en el primer trimestre de gestación. La causal salud integral fue la principalmente tenida en cuenta en los centros de salud, la causal violación lo fue en el hospital. El plazo de resolución de las interrupciones fue de 5.7 días en los centros de salud y de 1.3 días en hospital. La resolución fue medicamentosa en el 80.9% de los casos en los centros de salud. La tasa de complicaciones fue 8 cada 1000 interrupciones. La cobertura de método anticonceptivo posterior fue 16.7 cada 100 interrupciones. En cumplimiento del fallo F.A.L. (Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación), el acceso a las interrupciones legales del embarazo y la atención de las mujeres, implica un aumento en el acceso efectivo de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos y una disminución del número de las que se verán expuestas a prácticas inseguras que aumentan su riesgo de morbimortalidad en situación de embarazo.


The Argentine Penal Code in its article 86 specifies the grounds for the legal interruption of pregnancy. In the Programmatic Area of the Piñero Hospital, city of Buenos Aires, a protocol to perform them was established. Since the implementation it had not been evaluated. The objective was to describe the characteristics of these interventions in 2017. A descriptive study was conducted, as a source of information a form completed by the teams after care for the women was used. There were 503 cases, the average gestational age at the first consultation was 8.5 weeks; 93.8% were resolved in the first level, 94.5% of them in the first trimester of pregnancy. The causal integral health was the main one addressed in the health centers, while in the hospital it was rape. The resolution period for the interruptions was 5.7 days in the health centers and 1.3 days in the hospital. The resolution was with medications in 80.9% of the cases in the health centers. The complication rate was 8 per 1000 interruptions. The subsequent contraceptive method coverage was 16.7 per 100 interruptions. In compliance with the sentence F.A.L. (Supreme Court of Justice), access to legal interruptions of pregnancy and women's care implies an increase in effective access to sexual and reproductive rights and a decrease in the number of those who will be exposed to unsafe practices that increase the risk of morbidity and mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Abortion, Legal/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Argentina , Time Factors , Retrospective Studies , Gestational Age , Age Distribution
14.
Salud pública Méx ; 62(1): 96-104, ene.-feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365996

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To briefly describe the process of establishment and preliminary results of the Mérida Population-based Cancer Registry (Mérida-PBCR) Materials and methods: Mérida-PBCR started in 2016 as a research project in the IMSS, with a gradual increase in its information sources. It covers a population of 908 536 inhabitants. Data collection is active and passive, international standards are used; CanReg5 software enables data entry, storage and analysis. Results: Current data include 71.5% of sources. For the period 2015-2016, a total of 2 623 new cancer cases were registered, the majority of these (60.1%) among females. 81.5% of the cases had morphological verification. Prostate (17.4%), colorectal (8.5%) and stomach (8.1%) cancers were the most common among males, and breast (31.6%), cervix (12%) and corpus uteri (7.6%) cancers, the most common among females. Age-adjusted cancer incidence rates (per 100 000) for all sites combined were 114.9 among males and 145.1 among females. Conclusion: The implementation of the Mérida-PBCR has followed particular parameters, with important efforts to include new information sources. Although the data are still preliminary and must be interpreted with great caution, the main cancers follow a similar pattern to that of the national and regional estimates.


Resumen: Objetivo: Describir brevemente el proceso de implementación y resultados preliminares del Registro de Cáncer de Base Poblacional (RCBP) de Mérida. Material y métodos: RCBP-Mérida inició en 2016 como un proyecto de investigación del IMSS, con cobertura poblacional de 908 536 habitantes. El número de fuentes de información ha incrementado gradualmente. Se realizó colección de datos de forma pasiva y activa en software CanReg5 utilizando estándares internacionales. Resultados: Se han incluido al RCBP-Mérida 71.5% de las fuentes de información. Durante 2015-2016 se registraron 2 623 casos nuevos, la mayoría (60.1%) mujeres. El 81.5% de los casos tuvo verificación morfológica. En hombres, el cáncer de próstata (17.4%), colorrectal (8.5%) y estómago (8.1%) son los más comunes; en mujeres, mama (31.6%), cérvix (12.0%) y cuerpo-uterino (7.6%). Las tasas de incidencia ajustadas por edad (100 000 habitantes) para todos los sitios combinados son 114.9 hombres y 145.1 mujeres. Conclusión: La implementación del RCBP-Mérida ha seguido parámetros particulares, con importante esfuerzo para incluir fuentes de información. Aunque los datos son preliminares y se deben interpretar con precaución; los principales tipos de cáncer siguen un patrón similar a las estimaciones nacionales y regionales


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Registries/statistics & numerical data , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Software , Incidence , Data Collection/standards , Data Collection/methods , Hospitals, Private/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Cities/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Mexico/epidemiology
15.
Rev. chil. med. intensiv ; 35(3)2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1292498

ABSTRACT

RELEVANCIA: La pandemia por COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) se origina en diciembre de 2019. En Chile, a la fecha se han reportado 13.037 fallecidos con un enorme costo y esfuerzo asistencial, siendo limitada aun la evidencia en Chile acerca de esta enfermedad. OBJETIVOS: Describir el perfil clínico y ventilatorio de los pacientes con COVID-19 que requirieron manejo en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en un Hospital Terciario de la Región Metropolitana. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo. Se extrajeron los datos de 64 pacientes ingresados entre el 24 de Marzo y el 15 de Mayo de 2020 en la UCI del Hospital Ramón Barros Luco Trudeau en el Sector Sur de la Región Metropolitana. Los resultados primarios en el estudio fueron Mortalidad en UCI, Mortalidad Intrahospitalaria y Mortalidad a 28 días. RESULTADOS: La mortalidad en UCI fue del 20%, existiendo una asociación entre Hipertensión Arterial y Enfermedad más Grave. La obesidad se asoció con mayores días UCI. En cuanto al soporte ventilatorio, 75% de los pacientes requirió apoyo con VMI al ingreso. Existe un perfil de mejor Compliance pulmonar y bajo potencial de reclutamiento durante la primera semana. Sin embargo, entre el 7mo. y 14vo día de enfermedad existe una rápida progresión hacia menor compliance pulmonar en cierto grupo de pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: Los casos más graves de COVID-19 se dan en pacientes de avanzada edad, hipertensos y obesos, con un aumento significativo en mortalidad cuando asociaron enfermedad renal crónica sobre todo en hemodiálisis. La progresión hacia deterioros severos de la elastancia pulmonar probablemente constituyen el signo ominoso de la enfermedad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/therapy , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Oxygenation , Retrospective Studies , Age Distribution , APACHE , Organ Dysfunction Scores , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/mortality
16.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 38: e2018178, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057220

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the perception of physiotherapists in neonatal units regarding pain, the use of measurement scales and strategies that minimize pain. Methods: Interviews were conducted with physiotherapists in hospitals with neonatal units between 2013 and 2015 in Rio de Janeiro. The questions concerned the knowledge of the feeling of pain, from its recognition to its care or treatment. The description of the results was done by comparing public and private hospitals (Fisher''s Exact exact Testtest), considering p<0.05 as significant. Results: 27 hospitals were visited. All the professionals interviewed (n=27) stated that the newborns feel pain, with facial expression being the most cited and known sign for pain. 26% of physiotherapists believe that newborns experience pain at the same magnitude as adults. Among the scales, the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) was the most well known, but only 37% of the units had routine pain assessment protocols. IV cannulation and blood collection were the most mentioned procedures as a cause of pain and there was no difference between public and private hospitals. Conclusions: There is a gap in the knowledge about neonatal pain and how to evaluate it among the participating physiotherapists, with no systematization of care routines involving this assessment.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a percepção dos fisioterapeutas de unidades neonatais sobre a dor, a utilização de escalas de mensuração e estratégias que a minimizem. Métodos: Entrevistas foram realizadas com chefes ou rotinas de fisioterapia em hospitais com unidades neonatais entre 2013 e 2015, no Rio de Janeiro. As perguntas versaram sobre o conhecimento da sensação dolorosa, desde seu reconhecimento até seu cuidado ou tratamento. Foi realizada a descrição dos resultados, comparando-se os dados dos hospitais públicos com os privados (teste exato de Fisher), considerando-se p<0,05 como significante. Resultados: Vinte e sete hospitais foram visitados. Todos os profissionais entrevistados (n=27) afirmaram que os recém-nascidos sentem dor, sendo a expressão facial o sinal de dor mais conhecido. Do total de fisioterapeutas entrevistados, 26% acreditam que os neonatos sentem dor na mesma magnitude que o adulto. Entre as escalas, a Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) era a mais conhecida, e apenas 37% das unidades possuíam protocolos de avaliação da dor na rotina. As coletas e as punções foram os procedimentos mais mencionados como causa de dor, e não houve diferença entre os hospitais públicos e privados. Conclusões: Constatou-se uma lacuna no conhecimento sobre dor neonatal e como avaliá-la entre os fisioterapeutas participantes, com ausência de sistematização de rotinas assistenciais que envolvam essa aferição.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pain/diagnosis , Perception/physiology , Pain Measurement/methods , Physical Therapists/psychology , Pain/etiology , Pain/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Infant, Premature/psychology , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/organization & administration , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Interviews as Topic/methods , Hospitals, Private/statistics & numerical data , Knowledge , Facial Expression , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data
17.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 24(1): 49-54, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1121736

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la edad de la mujer al momento del diagnóstico de cáncer de mama, el estadio del mismo y los antecedentes familiares de cáncer de mama en las mujeres que consultaron en el ámbito público de la Ciudad de Córdoba durante el período 2004-2010. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El presente fue un estudio observacional efectuado en cuatro instituciones públicas, a partir del total de datos de los Servicios de Anatomía Patológica y Estadística registrados en las historias clínicas (n=1423). Se evaluó la tendencia de edad de diagnóstico con regresión lineal y el tipo histológico y grado del tumor según la edad de la mujer, con regresión de Poisson. RESULTADOS: En relación a la edad del diagnóstico, el 8,74% de las mujeres estudia-das eran menores a 40 años, lo cual representa una mayor proporción a los valores in-formados en la literatura mundial. En relación a la distribución por edad del total de pacientes con cáncer de mama, la mayor frecuencia fue en el grupo de 50 a 59 años. DISCUSIÓN: La proporción de mujeres mayores de 40 años detectadas en estadio tardío fue el 44,22%, siendo superior a los valores informados en los países desarrollados. La tendencia de edad de diagnóstico se incrementó en un 0,39 por año, y no hubo cambio en el tipo del estadio. En términos de antecedentes familiares, se detectó la presencia en el 15,95% de los casos, si bien es de destacar que la frecuencia de registro de estos antecedentes en las historias clínicas fue limitada


INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyze the age at which women treated in public hospitals in the City of Córdoba, Argentina from 2004 to 2010 were diagnosed with breast cancer, their stage at diagnosis, and their family history of breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was carried out in four public institutions, using the to-tal number of cases registered in medical records by the pathology and statistical services (n=1423). Trends in age at diagnosis over the study period was evaluated with linear regres-sion, and tumor stage and histology according to age was analyzed with Poisson regression. RESULTS: In terms of diagnostic age, 8.74% of the women studied were under 40 years of age, which represents a higher percentage of cases, in comparison with international literature. With regards to age distribution, the greatest number of cases was observed in the group be-tween 50 and 59 years of age. DISCUSSION: The proportion of women older than 40 years detected with late stage cancer was 44.22%, which is higher than the values reported in developed countries. The diagnostic age trend increased by 0.39 per year, and there was no change in the stage at diagnosis. Finally, 15.95% of the women had reported family history of breast cancer, although it is noteworthy that the frequency of recording family history in the medical charts was limited.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Family , Linear Models , Age Factors , Age Distribution , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Medical History Taking , Neoplasm Staging
18.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 24(2): 86-96, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1369241

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: A pesar de que los cánceres producen alta carga de enfermedad en Chile, se carece de un registro poblacional de cáncer nacional. El objetivo de estudio fue estimar la incidencia de los veinte principales tipos de cáncer en la Región de Coquimbo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Con datos del registro de la Unidad Anatomía Patológica del Hospital de Coquimbo, que procesa totalidad de las biopsias procedentes de los establecimientos públicos de la región; se estimó la incidencia de estas patologías. Se caracterizaron los cánceres según tipo, sexo y grupos de edad. Se calculó tasas de incidencia de los quinquenios 2006-2010 y 2011-2015, utilizando como denominador la población beneficiaria del Fondo Nacional de Salud. Finalmente se realizó una proyección lineal de la incidencia hasta el año 2025. RESULTADOS: Las mujeres presentaron una mayor tasa bruta de incidencia que los hombres. La incidencia aumenta, en ambos sexos, conforme aumenta la edad. Los cánceres más incidentes en mujeres fueron de mama, de piel no melanoma y de cuello uterino, y entre los hombres, fueron los cánceres de piel no melanoma, de próstata y gástrico. DISCUSIÓN: Dada la elevada frecuencia relativa de cánceres de tiroides, testículo, cuello de útero y mama en edades jóvenes, se sugiere orientar estrategias preventivas hacia estos grupos de edad. Así mismo, se debiera establecer programas integrales para los cánceres más frecuentes (piel no melanoma, próstata, colon). De no existir políticas públicas enfocadas a prevenir los cánceres, se proyecta un crecimiento lineal de hasta un 22% en la incidencia al año 2025. (AU)


INTRODUCTION: Though cancers produce a high disease burden in Chile, there is no national population-based cancer registry. The present study aimed to estimate the incidence of the twenty main types of cancers in the Coquimbo Region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from the registry of the Unit of Pathological Anatomy of Coquimbo Hospital, which processes all biopsies from public facilities in the region, were used; this allowed for the estimation of the incidence of these pathologies. The different types of cancers were characterized according to the sex and age groups of the affected individuals. For the calculation of incidence rates over two five-year periods, 2006-2010 and 2011-2015, the beneficiary population of the national public health insurance system (FONASA) was used as the denominator. Finally, a linear projection of the incidence rate was calculated until 2025. RESULTS: Women had a higher gross incidence rate of cancer than men. The incidence increases, in both sexes, as age increases. The most incident cancers in women were breast cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer, and cervical cancer, and among men, they were non-melanoma skin cancer, prostate cancer, and gastric cancers. DISCUSSION: Given the relative high frequency of certain cancers (thyroid, testicular, cervical, and breast) among younger adults, preventive strategies should be oriented towards these age groups. Likewise, comprehensive programs should be established for the most frequent can-cers (non-melanoma skin, prostate, and colon). If no new cancer prevention policies are im-plemented, a linear growth of the incidence rate of up to 22% is projected for the year 2025. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Biopsy , Linear Models , Chile/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Age and Sex Distribution , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Neoplasms/pathology
19.
Medwave ; 20(5): e7939, 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1116666

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe the incidence of hip fracture in Chile during 2017, identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality, and estimate annual case fatality rate. METHOD: The study design was cross-sectional and analytical. We obtained the registries of all patients from the Chilean Ministry of Health who were treated for hip fracture between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2017. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the risk factors for in-hospital mortality. The annual case fatality rate was calculated using the probabilities obtained by estimating a logistic regression model in previous work. The estimated crude mortality rate per 100 000 persons was compared with that of cancer, as reported by the Ministry of Health. RESULTS: During 2017, 7421 hip fractures occurred, resulting in an incidence of 40 per 100 000 persons. Of these, 1574 (21.21%) cases did not undergo surgery. In-hospital mortality was found to be associated with no surgery (odds ratio 8.32, 6.20 to 11.17), and being treated in a public hospital (odds ratio 1.62, 1.00 to 2.68). The estimated annual case fatality rate was 0.30 (0.27 to 0.33), and the crude mortality rate per 100 000 persons was 10.78 (9.66 to 11.71). CONCLUSION: Hip fractures mainly affect the population over 60 years old and women. Chile has an excessively high rate of non-operated patients compared to international reports. There is a significant difference between care in a public hospital compared to private clinics in terms of volume, access to surgery, hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, and estimated case fatality rate.


OBJETIVOS: Describir la incidencia de fractura de cadera en Chile durante el año 2017, identificar factores de riesgo para mortalidad intrahospitalaria y estimar la letalidad anual. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal analítico. Se solicitó al Ministerio de Salud de Chile el registro de todos los pacientes en Chile que fueron hospitalizados por fractura de cadera entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2017. Para estimar los factores de riesgo para mortalidad intrahospitalaria se estimó una regresión logística multivariada. La tasa de letalidad anual fue estimada usando las probabilidades obtenidas por estimación modelo de regresión logística de un trabajo previo. Se comparó la tasa cruda de mortalidad estimada por 100 000 habitantes con la de cáncer reportada por el Ministerio de Salud. RESULTADOS: Durante 2017 ocurrieron 7421 fracturas de cadera, obteniendo una incidencia de 40 por cada 100 000 habitantes. Un total de 1574 (intervalo de confianza 95%: 21,21%) pacientes no recibieron cirugía. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria se asocia a no cirugía (Odds ratio 8,32; intervalo de confianza 95%: 6,20 a 11,17) y a ser atendido en una institución pública (Odds ratio 1,62; intervalo de confianza 95%: 1,00 a 2,68). La tasa de letalidad al año estimada es de 0,30 (intervalo de confianza 95%: 0,27 a 0,33) y la tasa cruda de mortalidad por 100 000 habitantes es de 10,78 (intervalo de confianza 95%: 9,66 a 11,71). CONCLUSIÓN: La fractura de cadera afecta principalmente a población mayor de 60 años y mujeres. Chile presenta una alta tasa de pacientes no operados comparado con reportes internacionales. Existe una diferencia significativa entre atenderse en la red pública y privada, independiente de la previsión en términos de volumen, acceso a cirugía, estadía hospitalaria, mortalidad intrahospitalaria y tasa de letalidad estimada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Hospital Mortality , Health Services Accessibility , Hip Fractures/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Registries , Incidence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Hip Fractures/mortality , Hip Fractures/therapy , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay
20.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 51(3): 234-240, set. 2019. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041830

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors and clinical and microbiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult patients in Mexico. Streptococcus pneumoniae classified as the causative agent of CAP in adult patients and patients with invasive S. pneumoniae isolates presented to three tertiary teaching hospitals during the 15-year study period were selected. Serotyping and susceptibility testing were performed for all included isolates. Clinical and demographic data were recorded. A total of 96 patients infected with S. pneumoniae (71 with CAP, 25 with invasive disease) were included. The CAP group involved more males (74.6%) than the invasive disease group (p = 0.03). Head trauma was more common in the CAP group (21.1%) than in the invasive disease group (4.0%; p = 0.03). The most prevalent serotype was 19A, followed by serotypes 3 and 23F. After the introduction of the heptavalent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7), the prevalence of included serotypes declined significantly; no such change was found after the introduction of the PCV13 vaccine, including in the prevalence of serotype 19A. Susceptibility to all antimicrobials tested except vancomycin declined over the study period. In conclusion, head trauma was the most common comorbidity in the CAP group. The most prevalent serotype was 19A. Decreased susceptibility to most antimicrobials tested was observed.


El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los factores de riesgo y las características clínicas y microbiológicas de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en pacientes adultos en México. Se seleccionaron pacientes adultos con NAC con Streptococcus pneumoniae como agente causal y pacientes con aislamientos invasivos de S. pneumoniae que concurrieron a tres hospitales de enseñanza de tercer nivel durante el período de estudio de 15 anos (2000-2015). Se realizaron pruebas de serotipificación y sensibilidad con todos los aislados incluidos. Se colectaron los datos clínicos y demográficos. Se incluyeron en total 96 pacientes infectados con S. pneumoniae (71 con NAC y 25 con enfermedad invasiva). El grupo con NAC incluía más varones (74,6%) que el grupo de enfermedad invasiva (p = 0,03). El traumatismo craneoencefálico fue más frecuente en el grupo NAC (21,1%) queen el grupo con enfermedad invasiva (4,0%; p = 0,03). El serotipo más frecuente fue 19A, seguido de los serotipos 3 y 23F. Después de la introducción de la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada heptavalente (PCV7), la prevalencia de los serotipos incluidos en aquella disminuyó significativamente; no sucedió lo mismo después de la introducción de la PCV13, incluso en relación con la prevalencia del serotipo 19A. La sensibilidad a todos los antimicrobianos evaluados, excepto la vancomicina, disminuyó durante el período de estudio. En conclusión, el traumatismo craneoencefálico fue la comorbilidad más frecuente en el grupo con NAC. El serotipo más frecuente fue el 19A, y se observó disminución de la sensibilidad a la mayoría de los antimicrobianos probados a lo largo del período considerado.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/microbiology , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classification , Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genetics , Virulence , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Serotyping , Retrospective Studies , Hospitals, Private/statistics & numerical data , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data , Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Mexico/epidemiology
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